Ekukhiqizweni kwezingxenye zamandla eziyinhloko zezimoto nemishini yokwakha, i-camshaft isebenza njengengxenye ebalulekile yezinjini. Ukunemba kwayo kwe-contour kanye nokuphela kobuso kuthinta ngqo ukuphuma kwamandla enjini, ukushelela kokusebenza kanye nokuphila kwesevisi. Imishini yokugaya ye-cam evamile ihlushwa yizinkinga ezifaka phakathi ukunemba okwanele komshini wokugaya, ukusebenza okuyinkimbinkimbi, ukuhambisana kwezinto okulinganiselwe kanye nokusebenza kahle kokugaya okuphansi. Ifakwe izakhiwo zemishini zokunemba okuhlanganisiwe, uhlelo lwe-CNC oluhlakaniphile ngokugcwele kanye nobuchwepheshe bokugaya obusheshayo be-CBN obune-vitrified, i-SUPER T-750CBN egcweleUmshini wokugaya we-cNC CBN camshaftihlinzeka ngemishini yokugaya yobungcweti enembile kakhulu futhi ezenzakalelayo kakhulu ehambisana nezinto eziningi ezahlukene, ephuma njengesinqumo esifanele sokukhiqizwa ngobuningi kwama-camshaft aphakathi kuya kwaphezulu.
1. Izimo Zokusebenza Ezihlukahlukene Zokusebenza Okuzinzile Nokwethenjelwa
1.1Ukuhambisana Kwendawo Yokusebenza Eguquguqukayo
Lo mshini wokugaya unamandla okuzivumelanisa nezimo zokukhiqiza zasefektri. Ungasebenza ngokuzinzile ngaphakathi kwebanga lokushisa eliphakathi kuka-5–50°C kanye nomswakama ohlobene ≤80%. Usebenzisa ukunikezwa kwamandla okusebenza okujwayelekile kwezimboni okungu-AC380V±10% kanye no-50Hz, okuhambisana nokucushwa kwamandla kwezindawo eziningi zokusebenzela zomshini. Indawo yokufaka umshini kumele igcinwe kude nemithombo yokushayisana nokudlidliza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvalwa okuqinile kwamapayipi kuyadingeka ukuvimbela ukuvuza kwamanzi namafutha, ukuze kugcinwe ukunemba kwesikhathi eside kokuphakelwa okunembile kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-spindle nokunciphisa amazinga okwehluleka kwemishini.
1.2Ukuhambisana Okubanzi Nezinto Zokusebenza zeCamshaft
Lo mshini wenzelwe ngokukhethekile ukwenziwa kwemishini ye-camshaft, izinto zokusebenza ezisekelayo ezenziwe ngensimbi yekhabhoni ephakathi, insimbi ethwala, insimbi ene-alloy ephezulu kanye nensimbi ene-alloy ephansi. Uphatha izinto zokusebenza ezinobunzima obuphezulu obusukela ku-43 kuya ku-65 HRC kanye nesabelo serediyasi yokwenziwa esingu-2–3 mm, esimboza izikhala ze-camshaft ezijwayelekile zokukhiqiza injini.
2. Imininingwane Yobuchwepheshe Eyinhloko kanye Nokusebenza Okuphezulu Kwesakhiwo
2.1Isethi Ephelele Yamapharamitha Obuchwepheshe Ochwepheshe
I-SUPER T-750CBN inezimingcele zokusebenza ezilinganiselayo ezihlangabezana nezidingo zokukhiqiza i-camshaft encane nenkulu:
- Ububanzi bezinto zokusebenza ezigaywayo: Φ10–260 mm
- Ukuphakama okuphakathi: 160 mm; ibanga eliphezulu phakathi kwezikhungo kanye nobude obukhulu bokugaya: 750 mm
- Isixazululo esincane sokuphakelwa kwenqola yamasondo okugaya: 0.0001 mm
- Umthwalo omkhulu wezingxenye zokusebenza: 80 kg; isivinini sokujikeleza sezingxenye zokusebenza esilungisekayo: 0–150 r/min
- Ubukhulu besondo lokugaya le-CBN eliqinisiwe: Φ510×Φ40×(15–60)×127 mm, isivinini esiqondile sifinyelela ku-80–100 m/s, siqhutshwa yinjini enkulu engu-30 kW
- Izinkomba zokunemba kwemishini: ukubekezelelana kwephrofayili yekhamera ±0.03 mm, ukubekezelelana kwe-engeli eseduze 0.005 mm/°, ukugijimela kwesiyingi sesisekelo ≤0.025 mm, ukugoba kobuso bokugaya uRa ≤0.32 µm
- Isisindo somshini sisonke: 7,500 kg; ubukhulu sisonke: 3500×1950×1900 mm
- I-headstock spindle taper: I-MT No.5 Morse taper, enikeza ukubamba okuzinzile kwezingxenye zokusebenza ezisindayo.
1.1Amaphuzu Avelele Esakhiwo Semishini kanye Nesistimu Yokulawula Ehlakaniphile
1.1.1Uhlelo Lokulawula lwe-CNC Lwengxoxo Elula Ukuyisebenzisa
Lo mshini usebenzisa uhlelo lwe-Taiwan Syntech 210MA-E5 CNC oluhlonyiswe ngesikrini sokuthinta esingu-15 intshi. Uthatha indawo yohlelo lwe-G-code oluyinkimbinkimbi ngokusebenza kwengxoxo yezithombe neyombhalo, okwenza kube lula ukusebenza ngaphandle kolwazi lobuchwepheshe lokuhlela. Usekela ukugcinwa kwazo zonke izinhlaka zokukhiqiza; abasebenzisi bangashintsha amaqoqo okukhiqiza ngokushesha ngokungenisa amafayela ohlelo agciniwe. Ngemisebenzi yokungenisa nokulungisa itafula lokuphakamisa le-cam okuzenzakalelayo, ukubopha okukodwa kuvumela ukugaywa okuphelele kokunemba kwazo zonke izinhlaka zangaphandle ze-camshaft, okunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokusetha sokushintsha komkhiqizo.
1.1.2Indlela Yokuphakela Enobunjwa Obuqinile Yomshini Onobunjwa Obungu-T kanye Nendlela Yokuphakela Ene-Axis Ekabili
Umbhede womshini we-T-layout uhlukanisa ukuhamba kwezingxenye zokusebenza ezivundlile kanye nokudla kwesondo lokugaya okude, okunikeza ukuqina kwesakhiwo okumangalisayo.
1. I-X-axis grinding wheel feed: Iqhutshwa yi-Jacobes linear motor ene-closed-loop grating ruler feedback, ehambisana neziqondiso ze-THK roller linear ezisindayo. Inikeza ukuqina nokuphendula okuhle kakhulu, isusa ukujiya ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokugaya i-cam ephezulu futhi iqinisekise ukuguquka kwe-cam okubushelelezi ngokubeka okuphezulu kanye nokunemba kokubeka okuphindaphindiwe.
2. Okuphakelayo okuphambeneyo kwe-Workpiece: Yakhiwe ngezinsika eziqinile ezimbozwe ngepulasitiki eziklwebhe ngesandla, eziqhutshwa yi-servo motor ene-inertia ephezulu kanye nezikulufo zebhola ezingenisiwe, ezihlanganisa ukunemba kokunyakaza okuphezulu kanye nokuqina kwesakhiwo ukuze kusebenze imishini ezinzile ye-long stroke.
1.1.3Iyunithi Yokuphotha Nokugqokisa Amasondo Okugaya Amanzi E-Hydrostatic
I-spindle yokugaya eyinhloko iyi-spindle ye-hydrostatic engu-7.5 kW ene-axial kanye ne-radial runout ≤0.002 mm. Isondo le-CBN lifinyelela isivinini esiphezulu sokujikeleza esingu-4000 RPM, esisekelwa uhlelo lokupholisa amanzi oluzimele kanye nokuvalwa kwe-pneumatic ukulawula ukuguqulwa kokushisa ngesikhathi sokugaya ngesivinini esikhulu. Nge-CBN wheel dressing, i-roller yedayimane eqhutshwa yi-spindle kagesi engu-1.5 kW isebenza ku-8000–10000 RPM enokulawulwa kwesivinini semvamisa eguquguqukayo. Ifakwe ngaphandle kwebhokisi le-headstock, iyunithi yokugqoka iqashwe uhlelo lokuthola i-AE ultrasonic ukuqinisekisa ukunemba okulinganayo kwendawo yesondo.
1.1.4I-Headstock Enemba Kakhulu kanye ne-Hydraulic Tailstock
I-headstock spindle iqhutshwa ngqo yi-motor ene-torque ephezulu ene-encoder ye-angle, ifinyelela ukukhomba okunembile kakhulu ngokuzwela okungu-0.001°, okusekelwa ama-spindle bearings ahambisanayo anokunemba okuphezulu ukuze kube nokuqina okuphezulu. Ifakwe isikhungo esibukhoma se-MT No.5. I-tailstock yohlobo lwe-rail isebenzisa i-hydraulic drive kanye ne-spring clamping, enokuhamba kwesiketi esingu-50 mm kanye nesikhungo esikhethekile esine-arc-tip. Ukukhululwa kwe-tailstock okulawulwa yi-foot valve kuxhumene nemijikelezo yokugaya ezenzakalelayo ukuze kugwenywe izingozi zokuphepha ekusebenzeni kabi.
1.1.5Ukupholisa Okunamandla Aphezulu Nokuvikelwa Kokuphepha Okugcwele Okuvalekile
Uhlelo lokupholisa oluhlanganisiwe luhlanganisa ithangi lokupholisa elingu-600 L, isihlukanisi sikagesi esingu-300 mm ububanzi kanye neyunithi yokususa ukungcola kwe-vortex enesilinganiso sokugeleza esiphezulu esingu-200 L/min, ukunemba kokuhlunga okungu-30–50 μm kanye ne-3900 W immersion chiller engenazo izakhi zokuhlunga ezingasetshenziswa. Izinzwa zezinga lokugeleza kanye noketshezi zixhuma ohlelweni lwe-CNC ukuze ziqalise i-alamu ezenzakalelayo kanye nokuvala ukuze kuvikelwe imishini. Indlu yensimbi egcwele isembozo inomnyango ophezulu wokuphakamisa izinto zokusebenza okulula kanye nomnyango wokuphepha oxhumene ngokuzenzakalelayo. Idivayisi yokubuyisa ukuminyana kwamanzi efakwe ukuze iphathe inkungu esindayo ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokugaya i-CBN, kanye nezinto zokulungisa amaphutha zezinto zokusebenza.
3. Ukunemba Kwemishini, Izindinganiso Zokwamukelwa kanye Nemibhalo Yobuchwepheshe
3.1Imininingwane Yokwamukelwa Okujwayelekile
Umklamo, ukukhiqizwa kanye nokwamukelwa kwe-SUPER T-750CBN kuhambisana ne-GB/T9061—2006Imininingwane Yobuchwepheshe Ejwayelekile Yamathuluzi Omshini Wokusika InsimbiUkukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo kokulinga kwezingcezu zokusebenza eziyi-10 ngomdwebo wekhasimende kuyadingeka ukuze kwamukelwe, ngaphandle kokushiswa kobuso bekhamera kanye nokusebenza komshini okuzinzile njengezindinganiso zokuphasa eziphoqelekile. Isikhathi sangempela somjikelezo wokugaya sinqunywa yimvume yokusebenza ohlangothini olulodwa yemikhiqizo ethile yekhamera.
3.2Usekelo Oluphelele Lwemibhalo Yobuchwepheshe
4. Uhlu Lokucushwa Kwemishini Ejwayelekile
Yonke imishini ye-SUPER T-750CBN ilethwa ngokucushwa okujwayelekile okulandelayo:
Isiphetho
I-SUPER T-750CBN egcweleUmshini wokugaya we-camshaft we-CNCihlanganisa ukuphakelwa kwe-motor okuqondile, i-hydrostatic high-speed spindle, i-AE intelligence wheel dressing kanye nobuchwepheshe bokulawula idijithali okuzenzakalelayo. Ihlinzeka ngokunemba okuvelele komshini wokugaya, ukusebenza okuzinzile kokukhiqiza ngobuningi kanye nokusebenza okulula, ifanelana kahle nezidingo zokukhiqiza ezisebenza kahle kakhulu nezisezingeni eliphezulu zabakhiqizi bemishini yezimoto nobunjiniyela be-camshaft. Njengendlela engabizi kakhulu kune-cam grinders ezingenisiwe, ithuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza futhi inciphisa izinga lokwenqatshwa kwezingxenye ze-camshaft ezinembile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-10-2026
